Stephen Small | Transnational Black culture in Liverpool at the end of the twentieth century: anomalous legacies in the 'slaving capital of the world' aka 'the second city of Empire'
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In the 1950s the Black population (Afro-Caribbean and African) of England was estimated at no more than 50,000; by the 1970s it had increased to 400,000 and by 2001, the census reported it was over 1.1 million. Most research on Black Britain in this period is focused on the population at the center of this increase, the so-called 'Windrush Generation' – that is, West Indian settlers that arrived since the 1940s, developed family units with two West Indian parents, primarily in London, and with limited firsthand experience or collective memory of legacies of slavery and imperialism in England itself. This research is reflected in the work of scholars like Stuart Hall, Paul Gilroy, Hazel Carby, Heidi Mirza and John Solomos. Hall highlighted how 'Black is not a question of pigmentation … [It] is a historical category, a political category, a cultural category'; and Mirza insisted that 'It is only by attention to situated localised accounts of 'marginalised lives' that we can revea
